Publications

Case study

Tree disease and plantation on ancient woodland sites

A case study on how ancient woodland restoration can proceed following the clear felling necessary to eliminate Phytophthora ramorum, a tree disease of larch.

PDF  (512 KB)

Practical guidance

Recognising and categorising ancient and other veteran trees

Ancient and veteran trees provide irreplaceable benefits to people and wildlife, but they can be difficult to recognise and categorise. Read our guide to confidently and reliably identify these living legends.

PDF  (3.35 MB)

Practical guidance

Practical guidance on restoring your ancient woodland

An introductory summary of training modules by the Woodland Trust for restoring ancient woodland.

PDF  (582 KB)

Case study

Woodland restoration and the fight against tree disease

A case study examining the additional challenges the presence of tree disease can pose when restoring ancient woodland, and the measures required to tackle it.

PDF  (650 KB)

Practical guidance

Ancient and veteran trees: Caring for special trees on farms

This guide helps identify ancient and veteran trees on farming land, and highlights their importance. It provides information on how to protect trees and secure their future.

PDF  (2.28 MB)

Practical guidance

Ancient woodland restoration - maximising ecological integrity

Practical guidance on accumulating more old growth characteristics, better space and dynamism, water and air quality, reintroductions and the integrity of wider landscapes.

PDF  (8.97 MB)

Practical guidance

Ancient and veteran trees: An Assessment Guide

This guide describes our approach to conserving veteran trees, wherever they are. Covering a series of steps that you can follow as an adviser, advocate, landowner, or manager.

PDF  (4.82 MB)

Position statement

Ancient woodland – the Woodland Trust's position

Ancient woods are irreplaceable, yet they cover just 2% of the UK and are still disappearing. The Woodland Trust believes there should be no further loss.

PDF  (193 KB)

Position statement

Ancient woodland and translocation – the Trust's position

The Woodland Trust reject suggestions that translocation of material from ancient woodland can mitigate loss, damage or destruction of this important habitat.

PDF  (681 KB)

Practical guidance

Assessing ammonia impacts on ancient woodland

A technical advice note on assessing the impact of new developments on nearby ancient woodland in terms of ammonia air pollution and nitrogen deposition.

PDF  (2.08 MB)

Journal

Wood Wise – ancient trees

The spring 2014 issue of Wood Wise looks at the ecology of ancient and veteran trees, the work to identify and protect them, and what the future holds.

PDF  (4.11 MB)

Position statement

Ancient and veteran trees, parkland and wood pasture

The Woodland Trust believes all ancient and veteran trees should be valued and protected. More are also needed to become the ancient trees of the future.

PDF  (610 KB)

Practical guidance

Ancient woodland restoration management principles 

An introductory guide to ancient woodland restoration management, the value of this special habitat, and why we should protect and restore it.

PDF  (3.21 MB)

Research report

Impacts of nearby development on ancient woodland

A review of the research and evidence available that demonstrates the impacts of nearby development on the ecology of ancient woodland.

PDF  (640 KB)

Practical guidance

Planners' manual for ancient woodland and veteran trees

Practical guidance for planners on embedding ancient woodland and veteran trees in decision making, recognising their value, and avoiding damage from development.

PDF  (3.34 MB)

Case study

Harvesting woodfuel from ancient woodland restoration

A case study demonstrating how ancient woodland owners in Wales have funded restoration work through the Renewable Heat Incentive, using timber for woodfuel.

PDF  (5.11 MB)

Research report

The current state of ancient woodland restoration

A report drawing together evidence on the progress and challenges associated with restoring damaged ancient woodlands across the UK.

PDF  (1.76 MB)

Practical guidance

Ancient woodland restoration survey and assessment

Practical guidance on surveying and assessment when restoring ancient woodland, including why we need to assess remnant features, threats, prioritising action and monitoring.

PDF  (3.24 MB)

Practical guidance

Ancient woodland restoration – halting further decline

Practical guidance on halting further decline when beginning ancient woodland restoration, including first aid techniques for the most critically threatened areas.

PDF  (4.70 MB)

Case study

Ancient woodland restoration for dormice

Find out how the rare hazel dormouse is benefiting from our groundbreaking restoration techniques in ancient Fingle Woods in Devon.

PDF  (1.51 MB)

Case study

Restoring an ancient woodland in community ownership

A case study on the restoration of Aigas Woods – an ancient woodland owned by the local community which is providing income from the removal of non-native trees.

PDF  (370 KB)

Journal

Wood Wise – ancient woodland restoration

The summer 2015 issue of Wood Wise looks at the range of projects striving to bring light and life back to damaged native woods through careful restoration.

PDF  (1.99 MB)

Case study

Timber products from ancient woodland restoration

A case study demonstrating how one woodland owner is making restoration pay its way – by using extracted timber for flooring in a factory renovation project.

PDF  (732 KB)

Policy paper

Emergency Tree Plan for the UK

How to increase tree cover and address the nature and climate emergency. We set out key recommendations for the UK's national and local governments.

PDF  (9.63 MB)

Research briefing

Tree leaves as supplementary feed for ruminant livestock

We look at the value of different species of tree leaves as mineral supplements for livestock. Willow in particular is identified as a potentially valuable source of cobalt and zinc.

PDF  (161 KB)

Research report

Impacts of nearby development on ancient woodland - addendum

A review of further work published since the release of the 2008 Woodland Trust report on the impacts of nearby development on the ecology of ancient woodland.

PDF  (8.52 MB)

Practical guidance

Ancient woodland restoration - recovery of the wider ecosystem

Practical guidance on restoring the wider woodland ecosystem, transforming plantations on ancient woodland sites (PAWS) through gradual and more rapid approaches, managing young stands, and operational considerations and constraints.

PDF  (4.76 MB)

Case study

Tree planting for severe flooding on a lowland farm

A study investigating the impact and cost of severe annual flooding on a lowland farm and the role of tree planting as a management technique.

PDF  (718 KB)

Practical guidance

Tree planting for free range poultry farms

Incorporating trees into free range poultry farms can improve the welfare of birds and their performance. We give advice on planting design and maintenance.

PDF  (650 KB)

Position statement

Tree provenance in a changing climate

The Woodland Trust’s approach to resilience in the face of climate change focuses on utilising seed sourced from appropriate local provenances which the evidence shows will be best adapted to local conditions into the future.

PDF  (353 KB)

Case study

Restoring ancient woodland in mid Wales

A case study demonstrating the restoration of ancient woodland in Mid Wales, including the extraction of timber using horse logging techniques.

PDF  (347 KB)

Practical guidance

Tree species handbook

Our guide to choosing the best tree species when creating new woodland, with profiles of 50 tree and shrub species and 18 woodland communities.

PDF  (13.70 MB)

Journal

Wood Wise – tree pests and diseases

The summer 2013 issue of Wood Wise looks at the tree pests and diseases already causing problems in the UK, as well as potential future threats.

PDF  (2.55 MB)

Case study

Pearls of wisdom - tree planting to improve water quality

Pearls of wisdom: a case study demonstrating the improved water quality and freshwater mussel habitat achieved by strategic tree planting and bank stabilisation on the River Clun.

PDF  (692 KB)

Practical guidance

Tree charter toolkit

The Charter for Trees, Woods and People (the Tree Charter) sets out the principles for a society in which people and trees can stand stronger together. How can we all meaningfully give something back in return for fresh air, food, resources, shelter, careers and inspiration? We hope this toolkit offers you a starting point.

PDF  (2.43 MB)

Policy paper

Local authority tree strategies - suggested policy

The Woodland Trust calls all local authorities to produce Trees and Woodland Strategy as part of their Local Plan. Here we present a suggested policy to meet statutory biodiversity obligations, by giving best practice guidance and examples. 

PDF  (508 KB)

Research report

Woodland indicators by parliamentary constituency

A research report comparing parliamentary constituencies on percentage woodland cover, accessible woodland figures and threats to woodland from development.

PDF  (2.69 MB)

Case study

Benefits of tree shelter for livestock farming

Livestock farmers explain the benefits of having trees in their sheep and beef farming systems, such as providing shelter, browsing and field boundaries.

PDF  (150 KB)

Position statement

Tree health: biosecurity and plant imports

The Woodland Trust believes it is far more practical and cost-effective to prevent tree pest and diseases from entering the UK than to deal with an outbreak.

PDF  (5.06 MB)

Position statement

Hedges and hedgerows – the Woodland Trust's position

The Woodland Trust believes hedgerows should be protected, especially those with ancient features, and that more should be created to connect our landscape.

PDF  (333 KB)

Case study

Building a successful and sustainable woodfuel partnership

Harvesting timber for woodfuel can offer renewable energy and a boost to rural business while removing non-native conifers from ancient woodland sites.

PDF  (756 KB)

Case study

Trees planting on farms without affecting subsidies

A partnership trial to demonstrate how grazing and trees can work together, and to secure new policy which allows farmers to plant without being penalised.

PDF  (134 KB)

Case study

Trees mean better business for egg production

The CEO of a free range egg producer advocates tree planting as an active part of farm management for the commercial and welfare benefits they deliver.

PDF  (704 KB)

Journal

Wood Wise - woods in waiting

Read the autumn 2020 issue of Wood Wise, our tree and woodland conservation magazine, which discusses the importance of natural regeneration for expanding tree and woodland cover in the UK.

PDF  (5.28 MB)

Journal

Wood Wise – beguiling beetles

The summer 2017 issue of Wood Wise celebrates the UK’s tree-associated beetles, looking at their ecological requirements and their relationship with tree diseases.

PDF  (4.85 MB)

Case study

Bringing neglected woodland into sustainable management

The custodians of an ancient wood discuss their efforts to restore valuable natural habitat and convert neglected woodland into a thriving habitat for wildlife.

PDF  (737 KB)

Position statement

Fracking – the Woodland Trust's position

The Woodland Trust will oppose applications for fracking activity that would impact ancient woodland and will not allow exploration on our land.

PDF  (395 KB)

Practical guidance

Integrating trees on farms and crofts in Scotland

It's time to manage land in a way that addresses ambitious targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Agroforestry and woodland expansion projects in Scotland are key for integrating tree cover and agricultural land to complement farming systems, including crofting. 

PDF  (1.38 MB)

Technical note

How we manage ash dieback on Woodland Trust sites

Ash was once one of the most widespread tree species in Europe. Now it's threatened by ash dieback. Here we explain how we manage ash dieback on our estate.

PDF  (133 KB)

Case study

Tree shelter boosts lamb survival rate in sheep farming

Planting trees as shelter for livestock on upland farms can protect animals from harsh weather, improving welfare and reducing lamb mortality.

PDF  (698 KB)

Research report

The Pontbren Project – farmer-led uplands land management

The Pontbren Project, led by farmers in Mid Wales, uses woodland management and tree planting to improve efficiency in upland livestock farming.

PDF  (1.67 MB)

Journal

Wood Wise – wood pasture restoration and creation

The winter 2012 issue of Wood Wise looks at wood pasture, an ancient and diverse habitat that supports a number of species, veteran trees and grazing animals.

PDF  (4.25 MB)

Practical guidance

Site Assessment Handbook

This handbook will help you gather information on your site to help you create your own woodland. It guides you through four assessment stages and offers advice on growing the right trees in the right place.

PDF  (4.65 MB)

Research report

Unlocking the potential for trees and crofts in Scotland: Payment options for integrating trees into farming systems

Our suite of oven-ready payment options for tree planting on farms, endorsed by the National Farmers Union Scotland and the Scottish Crofting Federation, should make the Scottish Government's job of reforming our agricultural support system easier and fairer for farmers and the environment.

PDF  (5.18 MB)

Journal

Wood Wise – iconic oak

The summer 2019 issue of Wood Wise tells the story of oak – of its role in British culture, as a haven for wildlife, and the threats it faces.

PDF  (4.47 MB)

Case study

Adding value to timber from sustainably managed woods

The removal of non-native conifers is key to ancient woodland restoration. Timber extraction can also generate revenue for landowners, as this case study shows.

PDF  (2.21 MB)

Position statement

Genetically Modified Organisms – the Trust’s position

The Woodland Trust is opposed to unenclosed GM crop or tree release and does not permit the involvement of any of its sites in field trials.

PDF  (387 KB)

Research report

The benefits of integrating trees on arable farms

A research report on how tree planting supports farm production through reduced soil erosion, water conservation and climate change resilience.

PDF  (1.27 MB)

Research report

Evaluating the use and benefits of trees on dairy farms

A research report on how tree planting supports dairy farms and animal welfare through mitigating pollution runoff, protecting water and providing shelter.

PDF  (1.19 MB)

Position statement

Trees and carbon – the Woodland Trust’s position

The Woodland Trust promotes tree planting and woodland creation as a means of reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide and combatting the effects of climate change.

PDF  (591 KB)

Position statement

Urban trees and forests – the Woodland Trust's position

Urban trees provide vital benefits to people and nature, but not everyone has equal access to this critical green infrastructure. Read our views on protecting, restoring and creating urban forests.

PDF  (2.01 MB)

Research report

The benefits of integrating trees on livestock farms

A research report on how tree planting supports livestock farms and animal welfare by improving water quality, preventing soil erosion and providing shelter.

PDF  (9.10 MB)

Research report

Sustainable UK Seed Source Project

A report identifying the steps needed to secure UK grown tree seed for timber production and conservation in the face of climate change, pests and diseases.

PDF  (1.78 MB)

Research report

Planting trees to protect water on farms

Planting trees on farms can improve water quality, reduce pollution and help mitigate flooding, while also supporting production and wildlife.

PDF  (1.64 MB)

Case study

Shelterbelts can protect soil against erosion

A case study demonstrating the protection strategically placed shelterbelts can offer topsoil against wind and rain erosion, improving the productivity of a farm.

PDF  (695 KB)

Practical guidance

Benefits of woods and trees for local authorities

This document provides guidance and advice for local government to better achieve its environmental ambitions.

PDF  (549 KB)

Research report

Managing crop drought with trees

Evidence review exploring the benefits of native shelter trees on drought management for pasture and arable crops, agricultural production and food security.

PDF  (1.91 MB)

Case study

Restoring riverbanks with trees in Cumbria

Planting trees can stabilise riverbanks, slow flood water and reduce future flooding. We worked with landowners along the River Derwent to do just that.

PDF  (706 KB)

Policy paper

Reducing rhododendron in Scotland's rainforest

Without action, invasive rhododendron will increasingly dominate Scotland's rainforest. We're asking for a Rainforest Action Fund to tackle the issue.

PDF  (7.41 MB)

Practical guidance

The role of trees in free range poultry farming

Trees provide cover, shelter and shade, encouraging poultry to range and exhibit natural behaviours. This in turn improves bird health, welfare and production.

PDF  (7.77 MB)